The sub-component is targeted primarily at those households within the oil palm growing communities that do not directly benefit from the oil palm investment: an estimated 75% of these households will participate in at least one of the activities offered. However, the activities will also be open to oil palm growers too, and an estimated 40% of them (23,700 households) will participate. Activities will specifically target women, youth and poorer households, using gender and age sensitive approaches. Support will be provided to enable non-OP and OP growers to enhance the productivity, sustainability and diversification of their crop and livestock enterprises; apply tailored climate-smart agriculture practices that not only support yield but also food and nutrition security; strengthen their linkages to local markets for their produce; and ultimately increase the profitability of their enterprises as well as improve resilience and reduce risks to livelihoods through sustainability and diversification. Activities will include: (a) improving extension service delivery, by training the extension workers and improving their, and farmers’, access to ICT- based agriculture information; (b) establishing farmer-led trial plots to enhance farmers’ agricultural skill development, using Farmer Field Schools; and (c) improving farmer access to quality agricultural inputs for field/horticultural crops and small livestock production. The Project will also provide support to households to identify, develop and finance micro and small rural enterprises, with target participation rates of 50% for both women and youth. The activities will include: (a) the establishment of business incubation services: scoping and validating business opportunities, prototyping of business opportunities, trainings in business skills development, and mentorship sessions; and (b) improved access to financial services: promotion of Village Savings and Loans Association. (VSLA), and reducing rural financial institutions’ risks to lend to the target group.